| Plant |
Latin name |
Notes |
Annual or Perennial |
Zone |
Benefit |
| Alfalfa |
Medicago sativa |
True Leaf Market |
Perennial herb |
Zone 3-9 |
Nutritious sprouts; soil improvement via N-fixation |
| Amaranth |
Amaranthus spp. |
Already have seeds |
Annual herb |
Zone 2-11 |
Protein-rich grain; mineral-dense greens |
| American Chestnut |
Castanea dentata |
Already have trees |
Perennial tree |
Zone 4-8 |
Starchy, gluten-free nuts; wildlife support |
| Ashitaba |
Angelica keiskei |
Strictly Medicinal – sold out |
Perrenial |
Zone 7+ |
|
| Asparagus |
Asparagus officinalis |
Planted at ridgeline |
Perennial vegetable |
Zone 3-8 |
High in folate, vitamin K, and fiber |
| Blue hubbard squash |
Cucurbita maxima ‘Blue Hubbard’ |
True Leaf Market |
Annual vine |
Zone 3-10 |
Beta-carotene-rich flesh; long storage |
| Breadfruit |
Artocarpus altilis |
|
Perennial tree |
Zone 10-12 |
Starchy fruit staple; carbs, fiber, potassium; eaten roasted/boiled/baked |
| Buckwheat |
Fagopyrum esculentum |
Already have seeds |
Annual herb |
Zone 3-10 |
Gluten-free grain; high in rutin (flavonoid) |
| Cattail |
Typha spp. |
|
Perennial aquatic |
Zone 3-10 |
Multiple edible parts: spring shoots (“cossacks”), pollen (protein), rhizomes (starch) |
| Chickweed |
Stellaria media |
Dave’s garden seeds |
Annual (often self-seeding) |
Zone 2-9 |
Edible greens; vitamin C and minerals; mild flavor for salads |
| Chicory |
Cichorium intybus |
|
Perennial herb |
Zone 3-9 |
Inulin-rich roots; bitter greens for salads |
| Chokeberry / Aronia |
Aronia melanocarpa |
|
Perennial shrub |
Zone 3-8 |
Very high antioxidants (anthocyanins), vitamin C; tart berries for juice/jam |
| Chufa / Tiger Nut |
Cyperus esculentus var. sativus |
|
Perennial sedge (often grown as annual) |
Zone 8-11 |
Nut-like tubers with healthy fats, resistant starch, fiber; used for horchata |
| Comfrey |
Symphytum officinale |
Ridgeline |
Perennial herb |
Zone 3-9 |
Not nitrogen-fixing; excellent chop-and-drop mulch/biomass, accumulates K/Ca; use leaves sparingly if eaten due to PA alkaloids |
| Dandelion |
Taraxacum officinale |
All over the place |
Perennial herb |
Zone 3-10 |
Leaves/roots rich in iron, vitamin A, K, C; edible greens, flowers, root coffee |
| Duckweed |
Lemna spp. |
Aquatic |
Aquatic perennial |
Zone 4-11 |
High-protein feed; water remediation potential |
| Egyptian Walking Onion |
Allium × proliferum |
|
Perennial |
Zone 3-9 |
Reliable perennial onion greens and bulbs |
| Fava Bean |
Vicia faba |
Dave’s garden seeds |
Annual legume |
Zone 3-10 |
Protein, fiber, folate, iron; contains L-DOPA (used in Parkinson’s research) |
| Flax seeds |
Linum usitatissimum |
True Leaf Market |
Annual herb |
Zone 3-10 |
High in ALA omega-3, fiber, and lignans |
| Good King Henry |
Blitum bonus-henricus |
Dave’s garden seeds |
Perennial |
Zone 3-8 |
Edible spinach-like leaves and shoots; calcium, vitamin C, some B vitamins |
| Groundnut |
Apios americana |
https://peacefulheritage.com/products/lsu-groundnut-plants-apios-americana-naturally-grown |
Perennial vine (legume) |
Zone 4-9 |
Protein-rich edible tubers; nitrogen-fixing; also edible beans/flowers |
| Ironwort |
Sideritis spp. (e.g., Sideritis scardica) |
|
Perennial subshrub |
Zone 7-10 |
Traditional tea with antioxidant/soothing properties |
| Jerusalem Artichoke / Sunchoke |
Helianthus tuberosus |
|
Perennial tuber |
Zone 3-9 |
Inulin-rich tubers (prebiotic), potassium; prolific, can spread |
| Lamb’s Quarters |
Chenopodium album |
Dave’s garden seeds |
Annual |
Zone 2-11 |
Tender greens high in protein (for a leaf), calcium, iron, vitamins A/C |
| Lovage |
Levisticum officinale |
Already have seeds |
Perennial |
Zone 4-9 |
Strong celery-like flavor for stocks/salads; minerals; productive cut-and-come-again herb |
| Lupini Bean |
Lupinus albus |
True Leaf Market |
Annual legume |
Zone 4-10 |
High-protein beans; nitrogen fixation |
| Medlar |
Mespilus germanica (syn. Crataegus germanica) |
|
Perennial tree |
Zone 5-9 |
Unique fruit; vitamin C; winter delicacy |
| Mesquite |
Prosopis spp. (e.g., P. glandulosa) |
|
Perennial tree |
Zone 8-11 |
Low-glycemic flour from pods; nitrogen fixer |
| Moringa |
Moringa oleifera |
|
Perennial tree |
Zone 9-11 |
Leaves rich in vitamins A, C, calcium, and protein |
| Nine Star Broccoli |
Brassica oleracea |
https://plantingjustice.org/products/rare-perennial-9-star-broccoli – sold out |
Perennial |
Zone 6-9 |
Multiple harvests of white heads and side shoots |
| Oca |
Oxalis tuberosa |
|
Perennial (often grown as annual) |
Zone 8-10 |
Carbohydrate-rich tubers; vitamin C, potassium; cool-climate Andean staple |
| Oyster Mushroom |
Pleurotus ostreatus |
|
Fungus (cultivated) |
Zone 3-10 |
Protein; ergothioneine and other antioxidants |
| Palmer Amaranth |
Amaranthus palmeri |
|
Annual herb |
Zone 7-11 |
Nutrient-dense greens; drought tolerance |
| Prairie Turnip / Indian Breadroot |
Pediomelum esculentum |
https://www.nortonnaturals.com/products/prairie-turnip-pediomelum-esculentum |
Perennial legume |
Zone 4-7 |
Edible tuber with notable protein for a root; nitrogen-fixing |
| Prickly Pear / Nopal |
Opuntia ficus-indica |
|
Perennial cactus |
Zone 8-11 |
Pads and fruits edible; fiber, vitamin C, magnesium; glycemic-friendly |
| Psin wild rice |
Zizania palustris |
Aquatic |
Annual aquatic grass |
Zone 3-8 |
Nutritious whole grain; high in protein and minerals |
| Purple Collard Tree (cutting) |
Brassica oleracea var. acephala (tree collards) |
|
Perennial |
Zone 8-10 |
Nutrient-dense leafy greens year-round in mild climates |
| Purslane |
Portulaca oleracea |
Already have seeds |
Annual |
Zone 2-11 |
Supplies omega-3 (ALA), vitamins A/C, minerals; succulent, crunchy leaves |
| Rutabega |
Brassica napus var. napobrassica |
https://store.experimentalfarmnetwork.org/products/rutabangin-rutabaga-grex?_pos=1&_sid=365a8b7a1&_ss=r |
Biennial (grown as annual) |
Zone 3-9 |
Vitamin C–rich storage root |
| Salsify |
Tragopogon porrifolius |
|
Biennial (grown as annual) |
Zone 5-9 |
Fiber-rich root with unique flavor |
| Scarlet Runner Beans |
Phaseolus coccineus |
|
Perennial vine (annual in cold climates) |
Zone 7-10 |
Edible pods/beans; attracts pollinators |
| Sea Buckthorn |
Hippophae rhamnoides |
Already in orchard |
Perennial shrub |
Zone 3-7 |
Very high vitamin C; also vitamin E and carotenoids; edible berries and juice |
| Skirret |
Sium sisarum |
https://store.experimentalfarmnetwork.org/products/skirret?srsltid=AfmBOoonPys7OfNy4DBFlsvT_QnLsmzgZ9nGsZ-KCrbNVE9gyPy7jyBa |
Perennial |
Zone 4-9 |
Sweet, parsnip-like roots; productive perennial |
| Sorghum |
Sorghum bicolor |
Already have seeds |
Annual grass |
Zone 6-10 |
Staple grain; antioxidant-rich varieties |
| Spirulina |
Arthrospira platensis |
Aquatic |
Tender perennial (cultured) |
Zone N/A |
Very high protein; iron; B vitamins (note: B12 present mostly as inactive analog) |
| Stinging Nettle |
Urtica dioica |
|
Perennial herb |
Zone 3-10 |
Iron- and mineral-rich greens; tea; fiber crop |
| Sweet Potato |
Ipomoea batatas |
Make slips from sweet potato |
Tender perennial (grown as annual) |
Zone 8-11 |
High in beta-carotene (vitamin A) and fiber |
| Tamarillo |
Solanum betaceum |
|
Tender perennial shrub/tree |
Zone 10-11 |
Vitamin C–rich tangy fruit |
| Tepary Bean |
Phaseolus acutifolius |
FarmDirectSeeds |
Annual legume |
Zone 5-11 |
High vegetable protein and fiber; drought-tolerant staple bean |
| Wild Lettuce |
Lactuca virosa |
|
Biennial herb |
Zone 6-9 |
Leaves and latex traditionally used for calming |
| Winged bean |
Psophocarpus tetragonolobus |
True Leaf Market |
Perennial vine (grown as annual in cooler zones) |
Zone 9-12 |
Very protein-rich; multipurpose plant; nitrogen fixer |
| Wolffia |
Wolffia spp. |
Aquatic |
Aquatic perennial |
Zone 5-11 |
Very high protein biomass; potential food/feed |
| Wormwood |
Artemisia absinthium |
Dave’s garden seeds |
Perennial herb |
Zone 4-9 |
Bitter aromatic used sparingly as culinary/aperitif flavor; stimulates digestion |
| Yarrow |
Achillea millefolium |
Already have seeds |
Perennial herb |
Zone 3-9 |
Aromatic leaves/flowers used as a culinary herb/tea; digestive and bitter-tonic qualities |