Month: April 2024

Smoked Leg of Lamb

Seasoned an approx 5 pound boneless leg of lamb with salt and pepper — also added about half a dozen cloves of garlic wrapped inside.

Smoked for about six hours with cherry wood

Then wrapped and cooked until the internal temperature was about 200F

ElasticSearch to OpenSearch Migration: Creating Tenants

Finally, create the tenants … we’re using OAUTH for Kibana authentication, so I wasn’t able to use the API to export “saved objects”. Fortunately, we don’t have many tenants … and exporting/importing those saved objects manually isn’t an onerous task. 

import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth

def createTenant(strTenantName, strDescription):
        jsonAddTenant = {  "description": strDescription }
        r2 = requests.put(f"https://opensearch.example.com:9200/_opendistro/_security/api/tenants/{strTenantName}", json=jsonAddTenant, auth = HTTPBasicAuth('something', 'something'), verify=False)
        print(r2.text)
        print(r2.status_code)

#  Get all tenants from ES
r = requests.get(f"https://elasticsearch.example.com:9200/_opendistro/_security/api/tenants", auth = HTTPBasicAuth('something', 'something'), verify=False)

dictAllTenants = r.json()

for item in dictAllTenants.items():
        if item[1].get('reserved') == False:
                createTenant(item[0], item[1].get('description'))

ElasticSearch to OpenSearch Migration: Lifecycle Management Policies

Since there are a lot of changes in how lifecycle policies work between ElasticSearch and OpenSearch, the recommendation I’ve seen is to manually create them … but it’s a lot of repetitive typing, so I used a script to create a base policy — a name with a a hot allocation — and manually added all of the remaining stages, transitions, and index patterns to which the policy should be applied. 

import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
import json
from time import sleep
from datetime import timedelta

f = open("data-LifecyclePolicies.txt", "w")

listIgnoredILMPolicies = ["watch-history-ilm-policy"]

# Get all roles from prod & list users in those roles
r = requests.get(f"https://elasticsearch.example.com:9200/_ilm/policy", auth = HTTPBasicAuth('something', 'something'), verify=False)

dictAllILMPolicies= r.json()

for item in dictAllILMPolicies.items():
        if item[0] not in listIgnoredILMPolicies:
                strILMPolicyName = item[0]
                dictILMPolicySettings = item[1]
                iHotDays = None
                iWarmDays = None
                iColdDays = None
                iDeleteDays = None
                if item[1].get('policy').get('phases').get('hot'):
                        iHotDays = (item[1].get('policy').get('phases').get('hot').get('min_age'))
                if item[1].get('policy').get('phases').get('warm'):
                        iWarmDays = (item[1].get('policy').get('phases').get('warm').get('min_age'))
                if item[1].get('policy').get('phases').get('cold'):
                        iColdDays = (item[1].get('policy').get('phases').get('cold').get('min_age'))
                if item[1].get('policy').get('phases').get('delete'):
                        iDeleteDays = (item[1].get('policy').get('phases').get('delete').get('min_age'))
                print(f"Policy named {strILMPolicyName} has phases:")
                print(f"\tHot {iHotDays}")
                print(f"\tWarm {iWarmDays}")
                print(f"\tCold {iColdDays}")
                print(f"\tDelete {iDeleteDays}")
                print("\n")

                f.write(f"Policy named {strILMPolicyName} has phases:\n")
                f.write(f"\tHot {iHotDays}\n")
                f.write(f"\tWarm {iWarmDays}\n")
                f.write(f"\tCold {iColdDays}\n")
                f.write(f"\tDelete {iDeleteDays}\n")
                f.write("\n")
                jsonILMPolicyCreation = {
                                  "policy": {
                                    "description": "Ported from ES7",
                                    "default_state": "hot",
                                    "states": [
                                      {
                                        "name": "hot",
                                        "actions": [
                                          {
                                            "retry": {
                                              "count": 3,
                                              "backoff": "exponential",
                                              "delay": "1m"
                                            },
                                            "allocation": {
                                              "require": {
                                                "temp": "hot"
                                              },
                                              "include": {},
                                              "exclude": {},
                                              "wait_for": "false"
                                            }
                                          }
                                        ],
                                        "transitions": []
                                      }
                                    ],
                                    "ism_template": []
                                  }
                                }

                r2 = requests.put(f"https://opensearch:9200/_plugins/_ism/policies/{item[0]}", json=jsonILMPolicyCreation, auth = HTTPBasicAuth('something', 'something'), verify=False)
                print(r2.text)
                print(r2.status_code)
f.close()

ElasticSearch to OpenSearch Migration: Map Users to Roles

After the roles are created, I need to map users into the roles — using the ElasticSearch API to list all roles and add each user to the corresponding OpenSearch role. 

import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth

def addUserToRole(strRole, strUID):
        jsonAddUser = [
        {               "op": "add",            "path": f"/{strRole}",          "value": {"users": strUID} }]
        print(f"{strRole}\t{jsonAddUser}")
        r2 = requests.patch(f"https://opensearch.example.com:9200/_plugins/_security/api/rolesmapping", json=jsonAddUser, auth = HTTPBasicAuth('something', 'something'), verify=False)
        print(r2.text)
        print(r2.status_code)

listIgnoredGroups = ['security_rest_api_access', 'logstash_role', 'elastalert_role', 'kibana_server', 'wsadmin_role', 'mgmt_role', 'logstash', 'manage_snapshots', 'readall', 'all_access', 'own_index', 'kibana_user', ]

# Get all roles from prod & list users in those roles
#GET _opendistro/_security/api/rolesmapping/
r = requests.get(f"https://elasticsearch.example.com:9200/_opendistro/_security/api/rolesmapping/", auth = HTTPBasicAuth('something', 'something'), verify=False)

dictAllRoles = r.json()

# For each role, list out each user and add that user to that role in OS
for item in dictAllRoles.items():
        if item[0] not in listIgnoredGroups:
                for strUID in item[1].get('users'):
                        addUserToRole(item[0], item[1].get('users'))

ElasticSearch to OpenSearch Migration: Creating Roles

To create the roles, use the ElasticSearch API to get the existing role definitions, remove a few attributes I don’t want to set (reserved, static, hidden), and create the corresponding role in OpenSearch. I skip all of the reserved roles.

import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth

f = open("results-roles.txt", "a")

objGetRoleRequest = requests.get(f"https://elasticsearch.example.com:9200/_opendistro/_security/api/roles", auth = HTTPBasicAuth('something', 'something'), verify=False)
dictRoleInfo = objGetRoleRequest.json()
for item in dictRoleInfo.items():
        if item[1].get('reserved') is False:
                print(item)
                print("\n")
                dictRoleDefinition = dict(item[1])
                dictRoleDefinition.pop('reserved')
                dictRoleDefinition.pop('static')
                dictRoleDefinition.pop('hidden')
                r = requests.put(f"https://opensearch.example.com:9200/_plugins/_security/api/roles/{item[0]}", json=dictRoleDefinition, auth = HTTPBasicAuth('something', 'something'), verify=False)
                print(r.json())

                if r.status_code == 200:
                        print(f"{item[0]}\t{r.status_code}\t{r.json()}\n")
                        f.write(f"{item[0]}\t{r.status_code}\t{r.json()}\n")
                else:
                        print(f"HTTP Error: {r.status_code} on web call")
                        print(f"{item[0]}\t{r.status_code}\t{r.json()}\n")
                        f.write(f"{item[0]}\t{r.status_code}\t{r.json()}\n")
f.close()

ElasticSearch to OpenSearch: Local User Migration

One of the trickier bits of migrating from ElasticSearch to OpenSearch has been the local users — most of our users are authenticated via OAUTH, but programmatic access is done with local user accounts. Fortunately, you appear to be able to get the user password hash from the .opendistro_security API if you authenticate using an SSL cert.

This means the CN of the certificate being used must be registered in the elasticsearch.yml as an admin DN:

plugins.security.authcz.admin_dn:
  - 'CN=admin,O=LJRTest,ST=Ohio,C=US'
  - 'CN=ljradmin,O=LJRTest,ST=Ohio,C=US'

Provided the certificate is an admin_dn, the account can be used to search the .opendistro_security index and return local user info — including hashes. Information within the document is base 64 encoded, so the value needs to be decoded before you’ve got legible user information. One the user record has been obtained, the information can be used to POST details to the OpenSearch API and create a matching user. 

import json
import requests
import base64
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth

clientCrt = "./certs/ljr-mgr.pem"
clientKey = "./certs/ljr-mgr.key"
strOSAdminUser = 'something'
strOSAdminPass = 'something'

r = requests.get("https://elasticsearch.example.com:9200/.opendistro_security/_search?pretty", verify=False, cert=(clientCrt, clientKey))
if r.status_code == 200:
        dictResult = r.json()

        for item in dictResult.get('hits').get('hits'):
                if item.get('_id') == "internalusers":
                        strInternalUsersXML = item.get('_source').get('internalusers')
                        strUserJSON = base64.b64decode(strInternalUsersXML).decode("utf-8")
                        dictUserInfo = json.loads(strUserJSON)
                        for tupleUserRecord in dictUserInfo.items():
                                strUserName = tupleUserRecord[0]
                                dictUserRecord = tupleUserRecord[1]
                                if dictUserRecord.get('reserved') == False:
                                        dictUserDetails = {
                                                "hash": dictUserRecord.get('hash'),
                                                "opendistro_security_roles": dictUserRecord.get('opendistro_security_roles'),
                                                "backend_roles": dictUserRecord.get('backend_roles'),
                                                "attributes": dictUserRecord.get('attributes')
                                                }

                                        if dictUserRecord.get('description') is not None:
                                                dictUserDetails["description"] = dictUserRecord.get('description')

                                        reqCreateUser = requests.put(f'https://opensearch.example.com:9200/_plugins/_security/api/internalusers/{strUserName}', json=dictUserDetails, auth = HTTPBasicAuth(strOSAdminUser, strOSAdminPass), verify=False)
                                        print(reqCreateUser.text)
else:
        print(r.status_code)

ElasticSearch to OpenSearch Migration: Remote Reindex to Move Data

Since we cannot do an in-place upgrade of our ElasticSearch environment, I need to move everything to the new servers. The biggest component is moving the data — which can easily be done using the remote reindex. Use the ElasticSearch API to get a list of all indices, and tell the OpenSearch API to reindex that index from the ElasticSearch remote. This operates on deltas — it will add new documents to an index — so my plan is to spend a few days seeding the initial data, then perform delta updates leading up to the scheduled change. 

import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth

f = open("results.txt", "a")

listIndexNames = []

reqGetIndexes = requests.get('https://elasticsearch.example.com:9200/_cat/indices?format=json', auth=HTTPBasicAuth('something','something'), verify=False)
for jsonIndex in reqGetIndexes.json():
        if jsonIndex.get('index')[0] != '.':
                listIndexNames.append(jsonIndex.get('index'))

for strIndexName in listIndexNames:
  jsonReindexItem = {
    "source": {
      "remote": {
        "host": "https://elasticsearch.example.com:9200",
        "username": "something",
        "password": "something"
      },
  "index": strIndexName
    },
    "dest": {
  "index": strIndexName
    }
  }

  r = requests.post('https://opensearch.example.com:9200/_reindex', json=jsonReindexItem, auth = HTTPBasicAuth('something', 'something'), verify=False)
  print(r.json())
  jsonResponse = r.json()

  if r.status_code == 400 and "mapping set to strict" in jsonResponse.get('failures')[0].get('cause').get("reason"):
    # {'error': {'root_cause': [{'type': 'x_content_parse_exception', 'reason': '[1:2] [reindex] unknown field [key]'}], 'type': 'x_content_parse_exception', 'reason': '[1:2] [reindex] unknown field [key]'}, 'status': 400}
    if jsonResponse.get('failures'):
      print(jsonResponse.get('failures')[0].get('cause').get("reason"))
      print("I need to set dynamic mapping")
      r2 = requests.put(f'https://opensearch.example.com:9200/{strIndexName}/_mapping', json={"dynamic":"true"}, auth = HTTPBasicAuth('something', 'something'), verify=False)
      print(r2.json)
      r3 = requests.post('https://opensearch.example.com:9200/_reindex', json=jsonReindexItem, auth = HTTPBasicAuth('something', 'something), verify=False)
      print(r.json())
      print(f"{strIndexName}\t{r3.status_code}\t{r.json()}\n")
      f.write(f"{strIndexName}\t{r3.status_code}\t{r.json()}\n")

  elif r.status_code == 200:
    print(jsonResponse)
    print(f"{strIndexName}\t{r.status_code}\t{r.json()}\n")
    f.write(f"{strIndexName}\t{r.status_code}\t{r.json()}\n")
  else:
    print(f"HTTP Error: {r.status_code} on web call")
    print(f"{strIndexName}\t{r.status_code}\t{r.json()}\n")
    f.write(f"{strIndexName}\t{r.status_code}\t{r.json()}\n")

f.close()