After the power came back on, I had to recover ext and xfs partitions —
# FSCK to clean up bad superblock
lsblk
fsck /dev/sdb
e2fsck -b 32768 /dev/sdb1
mount /dev/sdb1 /var
# xfs_repair for XFS FS on LVM
lvscan # get dev for LVM
mount /dev/fedora/root /mnt/oh
xfs_repair -L /dev/fedora/root
mount /dev/fedora/root /mnt/oh
We had a power outage on Monday that took out the drive that holds our VMs. There are backups, but the backup drive copies had superblock errors and all sorts of issues. To recover our data, I learned all sorts of new things — firstly that you can mount a QCOW file and copy data out. First, you have to connect a network block device to the file. Once it is connected, you can use fdisk to list the partitions on the drive and mount those partitions. In this example, I had a partition called nbd0p1 that I mounted to /mnt/data_recovery
modprobe nbd max_part=2
qemu-nbd --connect=/dev/nbd0 /path/to/server_file.qcow2
fdisk /dev/nbd0 -l
mount /dev/nbd0p1 /mnt/data_recovery
Once you are done, unmount it and disconnect from the network block device.
umount /mnt/data_recovery
qemu-nbd --disconnect /dev/nbd0
rmmod nbd
Scott was trying to move some backup files from /a/path/to/backup to /a/path/to-a-different/backup — he’s using Dolphin & has a tab open to each of the folders in question. He chown’d /a/path to his account, chmod’d /a/path so user can read and write. But using the copy/paste option … nothing happens.
I came across a few old (and closed) bugs that seemed to produce errors in this same situation — but the reporters were able to perform their copy/move operations when they used the same tab instead of having one folder open in each tab. It worked … inexplicable, but we have success!
We picked up a really nice color laser printer — a Dell 1350CN. It was really easy to add it to my Windows computer — download driver, install, voila there’s a printer. We found instructions for using a Xerox Phaser 6000 driver. It worked perfectly on Scott’s old laptop, but we weren’t able to install the RPM on his new laptop — it insisted that a dependency wasn’t found: libstdc++.so.6 CXXABI_1.3.1
Except, checking the file, CXXABI_1.3.1 is absolutely in there:
2022-09-17 13:04:19 [lisa@fc36 ~/]# strings /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 | grep CXXABI CXXABI_1.3 CXXABI_1.3.1 CXXABI_1.3.2 CXXABI_1.3.3 CXXABI_1.3.4 CXXABI_1.3.5 CXXABI_1.3.6 CXXABI_1.3.7 CXXABI_1.3.8 CXXABI_1.3.9 CXXABI_1.3.10 CXXABI_1.3.11 CXXABI_1.3.12 CXXABI_1.3.13 CXXABI_TM_1 CXXABI_FLOAT128
We’ve tried using the foo2hbpl package with the Dell 1355 driver to no avail. It would install, but we weren’t able to print. So we returned to the Xerox package.
Turns out the driver package we were trying to use is a 32-bit driver (even though the download says 32 and 64 bit). From a 32-bit perspective, we really didn’t have libstdc++ — a quick dnf install libstdc++.i686 installed the library along with some friends.
Xerox’s rpm installed without error … but, attempting to print, just yielded an error saying that the filter failed. I had Scott use ldd to test one of the filters (any of the files within /usr/lib/cups/filter/Xerox_Phaser_6000_6010/ — it indicated the “libcups.so.2” could not be found. We also needed to install the 32-bit cups-libs.i686 package. Finally, he’s able to print from Fedora 36 to the Dell 1350cn!
You can use dmidecode to list all sorts of information about the system — there is a list of device types that you can use with the “-t” option
Type Information
────────────────────────────────────────────
0 BIOS
1 System
2 Baseboard
3 Chassis
4 Processor
5 Memory Controller
6 Memory Module
7 Cache
8 Port Connector
9 System Slots
10 On Board Devices
11 OEM Strings
12 System Configuration Options
13 BIOS Language
14 Group Associations
15 System Event Log
16 Physical Memory Array
17 Memory Device
18 32-bit Memory Error
19 Memory Array Mapped Address
20 Memory Device Mapped Address
21 Built-in Pointing Device
22 Portable Battery
23 System Reset
24 Hardware Security
25 System Power Controls
26 Voltage Probe
27 Cooling Device
28 Temperature Probe
29 Electrical Current Probe
30 Out-of-band Remote Access
31 Boot Integrity Services
32 System Boot
33 64-bit Memory Error
34 Management Device
35 Management Device Component
36 Management Device Threshold Data
37 Memory Channel
38 IPMI Device
39 Power Supply
40 Additional Information
41 Onboard Devices Extended Information
42 Management Controller Host Interface
Blah
[lisa@fedora ~/]# dmidecode -t 9
…
Handle 0x0024, DMI type 9, 17 bytes
System Slot Information
Designation: Slot6
Type: 32-bit PCI
Current Usage: In Use
Length: Short
ID: 6
Characteristics:
3.3 V is provided
Opening is shared
PME signal is supported
Bus Address: 0000:0a:02.0
The “Bus Address” value corresponds to information from lspci:
[lisa@fedora ~/]# lspci | grep “0a:02.0”
0a:02.0 Multimedia video controller: Conexant Systems, Inc. CX23418 Single-Chip MPEG-2 Encoder with Integrated Analog Video/Broadcast Audio Decoder
To view the scripts being executed by an RPM, use rpm -qp --scripts packagename
Beyond basic stuff like “dnf install somepackage” or downloading an rpm and using “dnf install my.package.rpm”, this is a running list of useful dnf commands.
List installed packages (similar to rpm -qa):
dnf list installed
List packages with updates available:
dnf check-update
Update everything but the kernel:
dnf update -x kernel*
Find package that provides something:
[lisa@rhel1 ~/]# dnf whatprovides cdrskin Last metadata expiration check: 2:35:57 ago on Fri 12 Aug 2022 11:37:43 AM EDT. cdrskin-1.5.2-2.fc32.x86_64 : Limited cdrecord compatibility wrapper to ease migration to libburn Repo : fedora Matched from: Provide : cdrskin = 1.5.2-2.fc32 cdrskin-1.5.4-2.fc32.x86_64 : Limited cdrecord compatibility wrapper to ease migration to libburn Repo : updates Matched from: Provide : cdrskin = 1.5.4-2.fc32
Package info, including version
[lisa@rhel1 ~/]# dnf info sendmail Last metadata expiration check: 2:37:19 ago on Fri 12 Aug 2022 11:37:43 AM EDT. Available Packages Name : sendmail Version : 8.15.2 Release : 43.fc32 Architecture : x86_64 Size : 730 k Source : sendmail-8.15.2-43.fc32.src.rpm Repository : fedora Summary : A widely used Mail Transport Agent (MTA) URL : http://www.sendmail.org/ License : Sendmail Description : The Sendmail program is a very widely used Mail Transport Agent (MTA). : MTAs send mail from one machine to another. Sendmail is not a client : program, which you use to read your email. Sendmail is a : behind-the-scenes program which actually moves your email over : networks or the Internet to where you want it to go. : : If you ever need to reconfigure Sendmail, you will also need to have : the sendmail-cf package installed. If you need documentation on : Sendmail, you can install the sendmail-doc package.
Show history:
[lisa@rhel1 ~/]# dnf history
ID | Command line | Date and time | Action(s) | Altered
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
102 | remove liberation-fonts | 2021-11-28 18:44 | Removed | 3
101 | remove chromedriver | 2021-11-28 18:44 | Removed | 2
100 | remove google-chrome-stable | 2021-11-28 18:44 | Removed | 1 < 99 | install liberation-fonts | 2021-11-28 18:42 | Install | 1 >
98 | install chromedriver | 2021-11-28 18:38 | Install | 2
97 | remove mediainfo | 2021-11-16 13:31 | Removed | 4
96 | install mediainfo | 2021-11-16 13:29 | Install | 4
Which brings up an interesting command — you can undo a history step instead of trying to uninstall the list of things you just installed.
dnf history undo 98 -y
We needed to console into some Cisco access points — RJ45 to USB to plug into the device console port and the laptop’s USB port? Check! OK … now what? Turns out you can use the screen command as a terminal emulator. The basic syntax is screen <port> <baud rate> — since the documentation said to use 9600 baud and the access point showed up on /dev/ttyUSB0, this means running:
screen /dev/ttyUSB0 9600More completely, screen <port> <baud rate>,<7 or 8 bits per byte>,<enable or disable sending flow control>,<enable or disable rcving flow control>,<keep or clear the eight bit in each byte>
screen /dev/ttyUSB0 9600,cs8,ixon,ixoff,istrip- or -screen /dev/ttyUSB0 9600,cs7,-ixon,-ixoff,-istrip
While using telnet to connect to a host:port is a quick way to verify connectivity … it only works for tcp ports. There’s no udp telnet. But there are a few ways to verify a port is open and available to you …
nmap with -sU will show the port as open or closed
nc will send a packet
I’m using IPv6 on a server — the server wasn’t using NetworkManagement, so I’ve configured it directly in the network script file.
After restarting the network (systemctl restart network), I was able to ping other IPv6 addressed equipment.
