Full card reference can be found at https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/platform/concepts/cards/cards-reference. Below is a summary of where various card types are supported in Microsoft Teams

Card Type	Bots in Teams	Messaging X10ns	Connectors	Bot Framework
Adaptive	✔	✔	✖	✔
Hero	✔	✔	✖	✔
List	✔	✖	✖	✖
O365 Connector	✔	✔	✔	✖
Receipt	✔	✔	✖	✔
Sign-in	✔	✖	✖	✔
Thumbnail	✔	✔	✖	✔